1. explain how scientific knowledge and reasoning can us make difficult decisions. 2. describe a sound wave. discuss what determines pitch and volume. 3. describe the electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic waves, and give two examples of different types of electromagnetic waves.

Describe a sound wave.  Discuss what determines pitch and volume. A sound wave is the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium. It can travel through the air, water, and most liquids.The medium consists of particles that oscillate within a certain amplitude. The volume is proportional to the amplitude of the sound wave. The frequency of a sound wave is perceived as pitch.

Describe the properties of a wave.  Include how longitudinal and transverse waves are alike and how they are different. Provide an example for each. The properties of a wave include amplitude, frequency, period, wavelength, and speed. The amplitude of a wave is a measure of the displacement of the wave from its rest position.The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two corresponding points on back-to-back cycles of a wave.The speed is how fast the disturbance of the wave is moving.  A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particles of matter move in a direction parallel to the motion of the wave. A transverse wave is a wave in which the particles of matter oscillate in the direction perpendicular to the motion of the wave. Longitudinal waves and transverse waves are different because transverse waves move in perpendicular direction to the source of vibration, and for longitudinal waves, the waves move in parallel direction to the source of vibration. They are both similar because energy is transferred in the form of waves. Here is an example of a longitudinal wave, waves moving along the water. Here is an example of a transverse wave, the vibrations in a guitar.

Describe the electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic waves, and give two examples of different types of electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends. Electromagnetic waves are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field. Here is an example of a radio wave, Cellular Networks use radio waves to get the data from the cell towers to your phone. Here is an example of an infrared wave, a glowing light bulb uses infrared waves.

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