Four electrons are located at the corners of a square 10.0 nm on a side, with an alpha particle at its midpoint. how much work is needed to move the alpha particle to the midpoint of one of the sides of the square

Four electrons are placed at the corner of a square

So we will first find the electrostatic potential at the center of the square

So here it is given as

here

r = distance of corner of the square from it center

now the net potential is given as

now potential energy of alpha particle at this position

Now at the mid point of one of the side

Electrostatic potential is given as

here we know that

now potential is given as

now final potential energy is given as

Now work done in this process is given as

the independent variable, the one that is intentionally manipulated, is whether or not the car hits the barrier.

the dependent variable, the one that you measure the response in, is the distance that the washers travel.

their crystal patterns have been disrupted by stress