What float system rises and sinks in upper ocean to collect date and transmit to satellite?

The answer is argo float, it is an international collaborative approach for oceanography, including temperature, salinity research which collects data from upper 2000m ice free portion of the ocean.

where are the vectors ?

see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west