Which best describes how a wave intensity and loudness are typically related?

Explanation:

The intensity of the wave is defined as the sound energy passing per second via unit area.

The loudness of sound is defined as how one can interpret the sound. The interpretation varies from person to person.

The intensity of waves depends on amplitude.

So, we can say that both intensity and loudness are directly related to each other. If the sound is louder, the higher is the intensity of the wave.

see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west