Which of the following must be the same before and after a chemical reaction? a: the sum of the masses of all substances involved. b: the number of molecules of all substance s involved. c: the number of atoms of the type involved. d: both (a) and (c) must be the same.

Option (D) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A chemical reaction is defined as the reaction which causes change in chemical composition of a substance.

According to law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor it can be destroyed. It can only be changed from one form to another.

For example,

Here, total mass of reactants = (1.008 + 35.453) g/mol = 36.461 g/mol

Whereas total mass of products = 36.461 g/mol

This shows that mass remains the same before or after the reaction.

Similarly, the number of atoms of the type involved will remains the same as no change in their nucleus is occurring.

Thus, we can conclude that the following must be the same before and after a chemical reaction.

the aurora is formed when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth's magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. these collisions result in countless little bursts of light, called photons, which make up the aurora.

auroras are generated by charged solar particles hitting molecules in earth's atmosphere. this usually happens in high latitudes, because our planet’s magnetic field tends to funnel these particles toward the poles. that’s why it can be experienced in northern ohio.