Which age-related effects on the immune system are seen in the older client?
1
Increased autoantibodies
2
Increased expression of IL-2 receptors
3
Increased delayed hypersensitivity reaction
4
Increased primary and secondary antibody responses

Increased autoantibodies are the age-related effects on the immune system are seen in the older client.

Option 1

The auto antibodies are produced by the WBCs, particularly B cells that attack the antigens of the host cell itself and lead to destruction of the own cells in the process. This is mostly seen in older individuals.

The probable cause of this phenomenon is mainly the over selection of T cells with memory of the own antigens and treating them as the foreign antigens. During aging, thymic T-regulatory cell output decreases in association with the loss of thymic capacity to generate new T cells.

However, to balance the above mentioned autoimmunity and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases, there is an age-related increase in peripheral CD4+ CD25highFoxP3+ T-regulatory cells. This leads to the death of own cells and diseases like Lambert Eaton Syndrome or Myasthenia Gravis are of this kind.

answer:

i don't know

explanation:

sorry

the treatment of other conditions (e.g., cystic breast disease) and for other medical reasons. Mastectomy is most effective when the cancerous tumour is discovered at an early stage and the malignant cells are localized. In order to best ensure the removal of all cancerous tissue, however, a margin of tissue surrounding a tumour and, sometimes, other nearby structures are also removed. Thus, there are several types of mastectomy, the selection of procedure depending on the location and extent of the disease (determined by X ray, thermography, and other diagnostic techniques) and the nature of the cancerous cells (determined by biopsy).

Explanation:

^^