Russell is 72 years old and is still working part-time as a professor. He has noticed some arm and hand shaking in the past year, but assumed it must be related to low or high blood sugar levels because he has had some issues with that in the past. However, the shaking/twitching has become more consistent lately and does not seem to be correlated with his diet. Russell's doctor said that the stress of his job could be the problem, so he took the entire summer off from teaching.
When he returned to work in the fall, Russell and his students noticed that his handwriting has become nearly illegible. Drinking a cup of coffee without spilling had also become a challenge. Russell returned to his doctor, who performed a physical exam and a few tests. Here are the notable results: shuffling gait, mild bradykinesia, mild voice tremor, intermittent rigidity of the limbs, and normal EEG.
If Russell is having symptoms in his upper extremities, lower extremities, and his speech is slurred, which of the following body regions is most likely experiencing a pathology?

a. Brain and spinal cord
b. Cranial nerves
c. Peripheral nerves
d. Spinal nerves

What are the advantages of liposomes as a drug delivery system for antimicrobials?

Harold, a fifty-eight year old grocery store manager, had recently been waking up in the middle of the night with abdominal pain. this was happening several nights a week. he was also experiencing occasional discomfort in the middle of the afternoon. harold decided to schedule an appointment with his physician. the doctor listened as harold described his symptoms and then asked harold some questions. he noted that harold's appetite had suffered as a result of the pain he was experiencing and as a result of the fear that what he was eating may be responsible for the pain. otherwise, harold seemed fine. the doctor referred harold to a physician that specialized in internal medicine and had harold make an appointment for a procedure called an endoscopy. the endoscopy was performed at a hospital later that week. during the procedure, a long, thin tube was inserted into harold's mouth and directed into his digestive tract. the end of the tube was equipped with a light source and a small camera which allowed the doctor to observe the interior of harold's stomach. the endoscope was also equipped with a small claw-like structure that the doctor could use in order to obtain a small tissue sample from the lining of harold's stomach, if required. the endoscopy revealed that harold had a peptic ulcer. analysis of a tissue sample taken from the site showed that harold also had an infection that was caused by helicobacterpylori bacteria. the doctor who performed the endoscopy gave harold prescriptions for two different antibiotics and a medication that would decrease the secretion of stomach acid. the doctor also instructed harold to schedule an appointment for another endoscopy procedure in 6 months. 1. list the subjective findings in this case study. 2. what is an endoscopy? (2 points) what is a biopsy? 3. how was a biopsy performed on harold? 4. differentiate between gastric and duodenal ulcers by location. 5. what role does h. pylori play in the formation of peptic ulcers? 6. define occult and frank blood. (4 points) what is a guaiac test? 7. how can peptic ulcers cause bleeding? 8. why were antibiotics prescribed? 9. why would a medication that would decrease the secretion of stomach acid be beneficial?

Ayoung boy, age 2 years, pulled a pot of boiling water over his head, arms, and chest, resulting in a mixed burn to the anterior surface of his head and arms, chest, and feet. 1. discuss the factors that determine the classification of the types of burns and determine what type(s) this victim probably has. 2. discuss how the physicians in the emergency room will determine the percentage of the body that may be burned and what special considerations may be involved when evaluating a child. 3. discuss the additional effects associated with burns and the treatments involved, which include shock, pain, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, respiratory complications, infection, metabolic problems, and anemia. 4. discuss the actions to promote the healing of burns. specifically address the problems that may be associated with scarring and the effects of growth that this 2-year-old may experience.