Peptide hormones readily cross through cell membranes. 57) osmolality refers to the total amount of solutes dissolved in a kg of solvent. 58) the loop of henle is highly permeable to water. 59) larger molecules like vitamin c or glucose cannot escape from plasma during filtration. 60) podocytes enclose the glomerular capillaries. 61) each kidney contains around 1,000,000 hepatic lobules. 62) the kidneys receive around 2% of resting cardiac output. 63) sodium ions may be reabsorbed from the distal convoluted tubules in order to increase blood volume and conserve water. 64) the total surface area of the gas exchange membrane in the lungs is around 65) distal convoluted tubules have smooth muscle tissue in their walls. 66) normal relaxed pulmonary expiration does not require any muscles to contract. 67) if you hold your breath while on scuba you risk destroying the vacuum inside your pleural space. 68) the lungs can regulate blood ph much more rapidly than the kidneys. 69) salt exerts twice the osmotic effect as glucose in any given solution. 70) no protein has ever been known to survive the trip through the stomach intact. 71) the collecting duct may reabsorb urea. 72) the bronchioles typically contain blood with an osmotic concentration around 1200 mosmm 73) surfactants aid in the emulsification of lipids and water 74) enzymes are very specific as to which substrates they can bind with. 75) lipases digest carbohydrates and proteins. 76) both filtration and excretion may occur on the distal convoluted tubules. 77) once filtrate exits the descending loop of henle, reabsorption is no longer possible. 78) most hormones don't have a half-life 79) monoamine hormones are formed from cholesterol 80) steroid hormones are formed from the amino acid tyrosine 700 square feet.

4. you are asked to make 125 grams of a 7% antifungal cream using tolnaftate powder and eucerin cream. how many grams of tolnaftate powder are needed? round to the nearest hundredths (w/w)

Harold, a fifty-eight year old grocery store manager, had recently been waking up in the middle of the night with abdominal pain. this was happening several nights a week. he was also experiencing occasional discomfort in the middle of the afternoon. harold decided to schedule an appointment with his physician. the doctor listened as harold described his symptoms and then asked harold some questions. he noted that harold's appetite had suffered as a result of the pain he was experiencing and as a result of the fear that what he was eating may be responsible for the pain. otherwise, harold seemed fine. the doctor referred harold to a physician that specialized in internal medicine and had harold make an appointment for a procedure called an endoscopy. the endoscopy was performed at a hospital later that week. during the procedure, a long, thin tube was inserted into harold's mouth and directed into his digestive tract. the end of the tube was equipped with a light source and a small camera which allowed the doctor to observe the interior of harold's stomach. the endoscope was also equipped with a small claw-like structure that the doctor could use in order to obtain a small tissue sample from the lining of harold's stomach, if required. the endoscopy revealed that harold had a peptic ulcer. analysis of a tissue sample taken from the site showed that harold also had an infection that was caused by helicobacterpylori bacteria. the doctor who performed the endoscopy gave harold prescriptions for two different antibiotics and a medication that would decrease the secretion of stomach acid. the doctor also instructed harold to schedule an appointment for another endoscopy procedure in 6 months. 1. list the subjective findings in this case study. 2. what is an endoscopy? (2 points) what is a biopsy? 3. how was a biopsy performed on harold? 4. differentiate between gastric and duodenal ulcers by location. 5. what role does h. pylori play in the formation of peptic ulcers? 6. define occult and frank blood. (4 points) what is a guaiac test? 7. how can peptic ulcers cause bleeding? 8. why were antibiotics prescribed? 9. why would a medication that would decrease the secretion of stomach acid be beneficial?

You are caring for a patient with an anxiety disorder on the psychiatric unit. the family is present with the patient. your instructor talked in the mental health course about cognitive, affective, and behavioral psychiatric nursing interventions. a. what are cognitive, affective, and behavioral psychiatric nursing interventions? b. give some examples of cognitive, affective, and behavioral psychiatric nursing interventions you could apply to the care of this family.