Which of the following structures function in holding organelles in place, maintaining cell shape and rigidity, and directing organelle movement?
a) cilia
b) centrioles
c) flagella
d) golgi apparatus
e) microtubules

The correct answer is option E. microtubules.

Explanation:

Microtubules are the major part of the cytoskeleton. Microtubules are tubular structure composed of two subunits, α-tubulin, and β-tubulin that joined into linear protofilaments.

Microtubules play a role in providing support to the cell. It also gives shape to the cell. They also show transportation function as cell organelles move through it. It provides a route for cell organelle movement.

Thus, the correct answer is option E. microtubules.

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