Mathematics, 09.01.2020 18:31 chelseayazzie16

National ave gas prices
year. 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
price 2.27 2.57 2.80 3.25 2.35 2.78 3.52 3.62 3.51 3.36 2.43
what equation models the data? what are the domain and range of the equation? do you think your equation is a good fit for the data? explain how you determined your answers.
is there a trend in the data? does there seem to be a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or neither?
how much do you expect gas to cost in 2020? explain.

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Answers

Question: What equation models the data?
For this question I used a software to calculate the equation. When plotted, we can notice that the points form a parabolic function therefore we needed quadratic regression for this one. The quadratic equation is in the form of $y=A+Bx+Cx^{2}$ where y represents the gas prices, x is the year, and A, B, and C are coefficients. I have found A, B, and C using the software and the equation for the data is:

$y=-0.092+0.587x-0.026x^{2}$

Question: What are the domain and range of the equation?
To find the range of the equation, we just transform the quadratic equation into the form $y=a(x-h)^{2}+k$ . The value for k would be the maximum element in our range, and for the sake of the problem, let's assume that we don't have negative prices.

$y=-0.092+0.587x-0.026x^{2}$
$y+0.092=0.587x-0.026x^{2}$
$y+0.092=-0.026(x^{2}-22.577x)$
$y+0.092-0.026(127.442)=-0.026(x^{2}-22.577x+127.442)$
$y-3.221=-0.026(x-11.289)^{2}$
$y=-0.026(x-11.289)^{2}+3.221$

We can see that 3.221 is the maximum value of the range while zero is the minimum. Thus, we can express the range as { $y|0 \leq y \leq 3.221$ }

For the domain, the number of years can extend infinitely but it will also depend if we want to consider the years where the price will be negative. Thus, let's just find the year when the price would be zero.

$0=-0.026(x-11.289)^{2}+3.221$
$-3.221=-0.026(x-11.289)^{2}$
$123.885=(x-11.289)^{2}$
+-11.130=x-11.289

Anywhere before and after the range of the x values above would result to a negative price therefore we can restrict the domain to those values. However, since x represents the year, we would need to round up the first value and round down the larger value.

Domain: { $x|01 \leq x \leq 22$ }

Question: Do you think your equation is a good fit for the data?
To know whether our equation is a good fit or not, we just look at the value of the correlation coefficient r. We can calculate this manually but in this case I just used a software. According to the software, the value for r is 0.661. This is almost close to a strong correlation which is 0.7 thus we can say that this equation is a good fit.

Question: Is there a trend in the data?
There might be a trend, but it won't be a simple linear one. Since the data initially rose before continuously decreasing, our data would best be described by a quadratic trend. The quadratic trend would be the parabolic equation we just used to model the data.

Question: Does there seem to be a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or neither?
Neither. A positive or negative correlation only applies when we are talking about linear trends, where it's either one variable increases as the other one also increases or the variable decreases as the other one increases. In our case, the price rose and fall as the years increase so there is neither a positive nor a negative correlation.

Question: How much do you expect gas to cost in 2020?
We can answer this question by using the equation that we used to model the data. For this question, we would just need to substitute 20 for x since we want to know the price in 2020 (we have only used the last two digits of the year for the equation) while the answer to this would be the expected price.

$y=-0.092+0.587(20)-0.026(20)^{2}$
y=-0.092+11.740-10.400