Based on Problem 5.42 in Diez et al. (2015). We would like to test if students who are in the social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, arts and humanities, and other fields spend the same amount of time studying for a statistics course. What type of test should we use

For a science project, a high school research team conducted a survey of local air temperatures. based on the results of the survey, the found that the average temperatures were around 10 degrees higher than expected. this result was wrong. the trouble with the survey was that most of the locations were exposed to direct sunlight and located over asphalt or sand, which resulted in higher temperatures than normal. this is a classic example of an error in which phase of inferential statistics?