Which of the following statements best describes the effect of replacing the graph of y = f(x) with the graph of y = f(x) − 11?

the graph would cut the y-axis 11 units below y=f(x)

$3720

step-by-step explanation:

taxable income = $31000

as per the 2018-2019 us tax bracket, the tax rate is 12% for an individual whose taxable income is between $9,526 to $38,700.

so, the tax to be paid by him = 12% of 31000

= 0.12 * 31000     [12% converted to decimal as 0.12]

= $3720