A company is sued for job discrimination because only 39% of the newly hired candidates were minorities or women when 47% of all applicants were minorities or women. Is this strong evidence that the company’s hiring practices were discriminatory? a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test? b) In this context what is a Type I error? c) In this context what is a Type II error? d) Which type error would the company consider to be more serious? e) Which type error might job applicants consider to be more serious?

Amachine that produces a special type of transistor (a component of computers) has a 2% defective rate. the production is considered a random process where each transistor is independent of the others. (a) what is the probability that the 10th transistor produced is the first with a defect? (b) what is the probability that the machine produces no defective transistors in a batch of 100? (c) on average, how many transistors would you expect to be produced before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (d) another machine that also produces transistors has a 5% defective rate where each transistor is produced independent of the others. on average how many transistors would you expect to be produced with this machine before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (e) based on your answers to parts (c) and (d), how does increasing the probability of an event a↵ect the mean and standard deviation of the wait time until success?