Find the area of irregular shapes

Issof claims that the scale factor is 1/2. which statement about his claim is correct

On traditional maps, earth is represented in a flat plane, or by euclidean geometry. however, a globe is a more accurate model that comes from elliptical geometry. how does a globe represent the fact that there are no parallel lines in elliptical geometry? the equator is not parallel to any other latitudinal lines. the north and south poles are never connected by a geodesic. the geodesics connecting the north and south poles never intersect. the geodesics connecting the north and south poles intersect at both of the poles.

Joanie wrote a letter that was 1 1/4 pages long. katie wrote a letter that was 3/4 page shorter then joagies letter. how long was katies letter