Logs are stacked in a pile. the top row has 15 logs and the bottom row has 24 logs. how many logs are there in the stack?

There are two ways you can do this. You can use the longer way:
15+16+17+18+19+20+21+22+23+24 = 195 (starting from the top row, which has 15 logs, up until the bottom row, which has 24 logs, on condition that each second row has one log more than the previous one)

You can also use the formula (where n is the number of rows)
x= (n(first term+last term))/2
x= (10(15+24))/2
x= (10*39)/2
x=390/2
x=195

Either way, there are 195 logs in the stack.