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What properties allow transformation to be used as a problem solving tool

Four airplanes carrying a total of 400 passengersarrive at the detroit airport. the airplanes carry, respectively,50, 80, 110, and 160 passengers. a) one of the 400 passengers is selected uniformly at random. let x denote the number of passengers that were on theairplane carrying the randomly selected passenger. find var(x)for x as given in the problemb) one of the 4 airplane drivers is also selected uniformly atrandom. let y denote the number of passengers on the chosen driver’s airplane. find var(y) for y as given in the problem

You're locked out of your house. the only open window is on the second floor, 25 feet above the ground. there are bushes along the edge of the house, so you will need to place the ladder 10 feet from the house. what length ladder do you need to reach the window?