Vitamin D is important for the metabolism of calcium and exposure to sunshine is an important source of vitamin D. A researcher wanted to determine whether osteoperosis was associated with a lack of exposure to sunshine. He selected a sample of 250 women with osteoperosis and an equal number of women without osteoperosis. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, diet, occupation, and exercise levels. Histories on exposure to sunshine over the previous twenty years were obtained for all women. The total number of hours that each woman had been exposed to sunshine in the previous twenty years was estimated. The amount of exposure to sunshine was compared for the two groups. Required:
a. Determine whether this is a controlled experiment or an observational study.
b. Identify the treatment variable.

Question and answers are in the attached picture. you so much in advance.

The difference between tax advoidance and tax evasion

The table shows population statistics for the ages of best actor and best supporting actor winners at an awards ceremony. the distributions of the ages are approximately bell-shaped. compare the z-scores for the actors in the following situation. best actor best supporting actor muequals42.0 muequals49.0 sigmaequals7.3 sigmaequals15 in a particular year, the best actor was 59 years old and the best supporting actor was 45 years old. determine the z-scores for each. best actor: z equals best supporting actor: z equals (round to two decimal places as needed.) interpret the z-scores. the best actor was (more than 2 standard deviations above more than 1 standard deviation above less than 1 standard deviation above less than 2 standard deviations below) the mean, which (is not, is) unusual. the best supporting actor was (less than 1 standard deviation below more than 1 standard deviation above more than 2 standard deviations below more than 1 standard deviation below) the mean, which (is is not) unusual.