I need help with this (File attached)

What does independent variable and dependent variable mean in math?

Acompany charges $0.10 for each letter engraved. bobby plans to spend no more than $5.00 on the engraving on a jewelry box. write and solve an inequality to find the maximum number of letters he can have engraved.

Given that y varies directly to the square root of (x + 1), and that y = 1 when x = 8,(a)express y in terms of .x,(b)find the value of y when x = 3,(c)find the value of x when y = 5.