How to do this? especially number ii

Agarden consists of an apple tree, a pear tree, cauliflowers, and heads of cabbage. there are 40 vegetables in the garden. 24 of them are cauliflowers. what is the ratio of the number of cauliflowers to the number of heads of cabbage?

What are the domain and range of the function f(x)=2^x+1

In the diagram below, abc is congruent to dec what is the value of x