How has the "necessary and proper" clause been used to justify the granting of implied powers to Congress? U. S. Constitution Article 1, Section 8. Clause 18 "The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution de foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof." A by giving Congress additional authority if there is a link to an enumerated power in the Constitution

B by permitting Congress to pass any law seen as essential even if it has no link to an enumerated power

C by giving Congress the authority to ignore the Constitution and assume additional unlisted responsibilities

D by allowing Congress to bypass the system of checks and balances and enact laws without presidential approval