Why 5 under 6 are the the same then 10 and 12

Please explain. 

This is what i understand from you're "sentence":

5 and 6 are the same as 10 and 12 because both are integers and both are positive.

They're the same because they have common factors and their factors are equal to each other:

Factors of 10; 1,2,5, & 10
Factors of 12; 1,2,3,4,6 &12
 The GCF of greatest common factor they have is 2
divide each number by 2:
10/2=5           12/2=6

that's how you get their equivalence