What are 3 requirements of graphs of proportional relationships

Pls! does anybody know a shortcut for answering these types of questions in the future?

According to modern science, earth is about 4.5 billion years old and written human history extends back about 10,000 years. suppose the entire history of earth is represented with a 10-meter-long timeline, with the birth of earth on one end and today at the other end.

Marla bought a book for $12.95, a binder for $3.49, and a backpack for $44.99. the sales tax rate is 6%. find the amount of tax and the total she paid for these items