Dr. Pagels is a mammalogist who studies meadow and common voles. He frequently traps the moles and has noticed what appears to be a preference for a peanut butter-oatmeal mixture by the meadow voles vs apple slices are usually used in traps, where the common voles seem to prefer the appe slices. So he conducted a study where he used a peanut butten oatmeal mixture in half the traps and the normal apple slices in his remaining traps to see if there was a food preference between the two different votes Indicate which of the following is the null hypothesis, and which is the alternate hypothesis
a. There food preferences among vole species are independent of one another.
b. There is a relationship between voles and food preference.
c. To test for independence, we need to calculate the Chi-square statistic.
These are the data that Dr. Pagels collected
meadow voles common voles
apple slices 15 21
peanut butter-oatmeal 25 16

Throughout the clarification category elsewhere here, the definition of the concern is mentioned.

Step-by-step explanation:

There seems to be no option for consuming peanut butter oatmeal mixture including apple slices with Meadow voles as well as regular voles.  

Meadow voles tend to consume a combination of peanut butter oatmeal whereas different or specific votes prefer eating slices of apples.

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step-by-step explanation:

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the number of possible outcomes that do not show a 1 on the first spinner and show the number 4 on the second spinner is 2.

spinner 1 spinner 2

1                     1

1                     2

1                     3

1                     4

2                   1

2                   2

2                   3

2                   4   = not 1, and 4

3                   1

3                   2

3                   3

3                   4 = not 1, and 4

only 2 outcomes have passed the given condition.

step-by-step explanation: