15. Mathematical Connections Consider the two functions f(x) = vX and g(x) = -X.
a. What is the average rate of change for each
function from x= 4 to x=9?
b. How are the two values in part (a) related to
each other?
C. Suppose the average rate of change for f(x)
between two values of x is 0.32. What is the
rate of change for g(x) between the same
two values of x?

Researchers are conducting experiments to determine the role of alcohol in the development of depression. after the study is complete, they determine that the relative risk of developing depression is 1.55 with a 95 % ci of 1.2 -1.9. each group is then divided into nonsmokers and smokers. the relative risk for the nonsmokers is 1.12 with a 95% ci of 0.87-1.37. the relative risk for the smokers is 1.7 with a 95 % cl of 1.5-1.9. what type of bias may affect this study? a. procedure bias b. recall bias c. selection bias d. confounding e. lead-time bias