A major traffic problem in the Greater Cincinnati area involves traffic attempting to cross the Ohio River from Cincinnati to Kentucky using Interstate 75. Let us assume that the probability of no traffic delay in one period, given no traffic delay in the preceding period, is 0.9 and that the probability of finding a traffic delay in one period, given a delay in the preceding period, is 0.6. Traffic is classified as having either a delay or a no-delay state, and the period considered is 30 minutes. Required:a. Assume that you are a motorist entering the traffic system and receive a radio report of a traffic delay. What is the probability that for the next 60 minutes (two time periods) the system will be in the delay state?b. What is the probability that in the long run the traffic will not be in the delay state?c. An important assumption of the Markov process model presented here has been the constant or stationary transition probabilities as the system operates in the future. Do you believe this assumption should be questioned for this traffic problem? Explain.

a) 0.36

b) 0.3

c) Yes

Step-by-step explanation:

Given:

Probability of no traffic delay in one period, given no traffic delay in the preceding period = P(No_Delay) = 0.9

Probability of finding a traffic delay in one period, given a delay in the preceding period = P(Delay) = 0.6

Period considered = 30 minutes

a)

Let A be the probability that for the next 60 minutes (two time periods) the system will be in the delay state:

As the Probability of finding a traffic delay in one period, given a delay in the preceding period is 0.6 and one period is considered as 30 minutes.

So probability that for the next two time periods i.e. 30*2 = 60 minutes, the system in Delay is

P(A) = P(Delay) * P(Delay) =  0.6 * 0.6 = 0.36

b)

Let B be the probability that in the long run the traffic will not be in the delay state.

This statement means that the traffic will not be in Delay state but be in No_Delay state in long run.

Let C be the probability of one period in Delay state given that preceding period in No-delay state :

P(C) =  1 - P(No_Delay)

        = 1 - 0.9

P(C) = 0.1

Now using P(C) and P(Delay) we can compute P(B) as:

P(B) = 1 - (P(Delay) + P(C))

      = 1 - ( 0.6 + 0.10 )

      = 1 - 0.7

P(B) = 0.3

c)

Yes this assumption should be questioned for this traffic problem because it implies that  traffic will be in Delay state for the 30 minutes and just after 30 minutes, it will be in No_Delay state. However, traffic does not work like this in general and it makes this scenario unrealistic. Markov process model can be improved if probabilities are modeled as a function of time instead of being presented as constant (for 30 mins).

b

2

−

b

b

3

+

7

b

2

+

14

b

+

6

%

−

3

b

3

+

7

b

2

+

14

b

+

6

%

step-by-step explanation:

solution:

we have to construct

∠m nt ≅ ∠p qr

the steps to draw this construction are

step 1: use a compass to draw an arc from point q which intersects the side pq at point a and the side qr at point b.

step 2: draw a segment nt and use the same width of the compass to draw an arc from point n which intersects the segment nt at a point x.

step 3:

step 4: join points n and y using a straightedge.

step 3:

option (d).maintaining the same width of the compass as ab, draw an arc from point x such that it intersects the arc drawn from n in a point y.

to draw   congruent angles , 1. width of compasses while drawing two angles should be same i.e from point at which angle has to be drawn, 2.the distance between the two points where the compass intersects the two sides should be same while drawing any two congruent angles.