To study the effect of neighborhood on academic performance, 1000 families were given federal housing vouchers to move out of their low-income neighborhoods. No improvement in the academic performance of the children in the families was found one year after the move. Requried:a. What are the explanatory and response variables?b. What are the subjects, factor(s), and treatment?c. What does no significant difference mean in describing the outcome of this study?d. Explain clearly why the lack of improvement in academic performance after one year does not necessarily mean that neighborhood does not affect academic performance. e. In particular, identify some lurking variables whose effect on academic performance may be confounded with the effect of the neighborhood

Check below for the answers and explanations to the questions.

Step-by-step explanation:

a) The explanatory variable is "the neighborhood" because it is the one that can be controlled/varied by the experimenter and also determines the outcome of the experiment.

The response variable is the "academic performance of the children" since it is the outcome of the experiment.

b) The subjects of the study are the children of the 1000 families that were given federal housing vouchers to relocate.

The factors of the study are:

1. the low income neighborhood

2. the federal housing estate

Treatment is the combination of various levels of the factor. In this case, it is the neighborhood of the families.

c) No significant difference means that the mean of the academic performance of the children while living the low-income neighborhood equals the mean of their academic performance while living in the federal housing estate. Which means that the null hypothesis is accepted.

d) The period of evaluation after relocation is very small compared to the time that has been spent in the low-income neighborhood. The observation has to take a longer time to discover the effect of the new neighbourhood on the academic performance of the children. Therefore the lack of improvement in academic performance after one year does not necessarily mean that neighborhood does not have effect on academic performance.

e) some other variables that are not considered in this study are:

The average Intelligence Quotient of the children

The parental training

The schools attended by the children

Average number of hours spent on study