Can somebody please help me find the statements reasoning for the image.

Pls! does anybody know a shortcut for answering these types of questions in the future?

What is the equation of the line that is parallel to the line with the equation y= -3/4x +1 and passes through the point (12,-12)

Given that y varies directly to the square root of (x + 1), and that y = 1 when x = 8,(a)express y in terms of .x,(b)find the value of y when x = 3,(c)find the value of x when y = 5.