Benford’s law states that the probability that a number in a set has a given leading digit, d, is P(d) = log(d + 1) - log(d) The division property of logarithm should be use to make it as a single logarithm P(d) = log ( (d + 1)/ d) So the probability that the number 1 is the leading digit is P(1) = log ( ( 1+1)/ 1) P(1) = log ( 2) P(1) = 0.301