A high school statistics class wants to estimate the average number of chocolate chips in a generic brand of chocolate chip cookies. They collect a random sample of cookies, count the chips in each cookie, and calculate a 95% confidence interval for the average number of chips per cookie (18.6 to 21.3).

The next four statements present four different interpretations of these results. Indicate if each interpretation is valid or invalid.

Interpretation #1: We are 95% certain that each cookie of this brand has approximately 18.6 to 21.3 chocolate chips. --ValidInvalid

Interpretation #2: We expect 95% of the cookies to have between 18.6 and 21.3 chocolate chips. --ValidInvalid

Interpretation #3: We would expect about 95% of all possible sample means from this population to be between 18.6 and 21.3 chocolate chips.--ValidInvalid

Interpretation #4: We are 95% certain that the confidence interval of 18.6 to 21.3 includes the true average number of chocolate chips per cookie. ValidInvalid