Diffusion is the movement of molecules from one location to another. The time t (in seconds) it takes molecules to diffuse a distance of x centimeters is given by t=x22D, where D is the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient for a drop of ink in water is about 10−5 square centimeters per second. How long will it take the ink to diffuse 1 micrometer (10−4 centimeter)? Write your answer as a decimal.

since your problem is x^4 = 81, what you have to undeo is the "to the fourth power" part.

the inverse (opposite operation) of "to the fourth power" is "to the fourth root".

  (x^4) ^ ¼   = 81 ^ ¼  

  81 = 3^4     so (3 ^ 4) ^ ¼   =   3 ^ 1   = 3

by hand: (3 ^ 4) ^ ¼   =   3 ^ (4 x ¼) = 3 ^ 1   = 3   (when you take a power to a power, multiply the exponents.)

or, do it by calculator. one way of finding the fourth root is to use ^ (1/4)

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his chances of getting a coin of higher value is 4/19

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