A potato-chip producer has just received a truckload of potatoes from their main supplier. If the producer finds convincing evidence that more than 8% of the potatoes in the shipment have blemishes, the truck will be sent away to get another load from the supplier. A supervisor selects a random sample of 500 potatoes from the truck. An inspection reveals that 47 of the potatoes have blemishes. Carry out a significance test at the α = 0.05 significance level. What should the producer conclude?

So the p value obtained was a very high value and using the significance level given we have so we can conclude that we have enough evidence to FAIL to reject the null hypothesis, and we can said that at 5% of significance the proportion of potatoes that have blemishes is not significantly higher than 0.08 or 8%

Step-by-step explanation:

Data given and notation

n=500 represent the random sample taken

X=47 represent the potatoes that have blemishes

estimated proportion of potatoes that have blemishes

is the value that we want to test

represent the significance level

Confidence=95% or 0.95

z would represent the statistic (variable of interest)

represent the p value (variable of interest)  

Concepts and formulas to use  

We need to conduct a hypothesis in order to test the claim that the true proportion i higher than 8% or 0.08.:  

Null hypothesis:  

Alternative hypothesis:  

When we conduct a proportion test we need to use the z statistic, and the is given by:  

(1)  

The One-Sample Proportion Test is used to assess whether a population proportion is significantly different from a hypothesized value .

Calculate the statistic  

Since we have all the info requires we can replace in formula (1) like this:  

Statistical decision  

It's important to refresh the p value method or p value approach . "This method is about determining "likely" or "unlikely" by determining the probability assuming the null hypothesis were true of observing a more extreme test statistic in the direction of the alternative hypothesis than the one observed". Or in other words is just a method to have an statistical decision to fail to reject or reject the null hypothesis.  

The significance level provided . The next step would be calculate the p value for this test.  

Since is a right tailed test the p value would be:  

So the p value obtained was a very high value and using the significance level given we have so we can conclude that we have enough evidence to FAIL to reject the null hypothesis, and we can said that at 5% of significance the proportion of potatoes that have blemishes is not significantly higher than 0.08 or 8%

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