I don’t know how to solve for this. Could you please show me the steps involved. I am unable to combine equation 1 and 2 to get equation 3. I would like to see the working out so I can learn from it.

They replaced phi with 2pi*vt, then factored out the common factor 2pi.

Hopefully that clears things up. If not, then let me know.

answer: slight chance that it will happen

step-by-step explanation:

wholesale price is the initial price before markup. retail price comes after the markup.

a price of 8 bucks that's marked up by 100%   is

formula: initial price + (percent markup in fraction/decimal)(initial price)

8+(1)(8)

8+8

16

retail price is $16.