Mathematics, 12.03.2020 18:05 ryanbasdao

Use Lagrange multipliers to find the maximum and minimum values of the function subject to the given constraint. (If an answer does not exist, enter DNE.) f(x, y, z) = x2 + y2 + z2; x4 + y4 + z4 = 13

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Answer from: tykeria58

The Lagrangian

$L(x,y,z,\lambda)=x^2+y^2+z^2+\lambda(x^4+y^4+z^4-13)$

has critical points where the first derivatives vanish:

$L_x=2x+4\lambda x^3=2x(1+2\lambda x^2)=0\implies x=0\text{ or }x^2=-\dfrac1{2\lambda}$

$L_y=2y+4\lambda y^3=2y(1+2\lambda y^2)=0\implies y=0\text{ or }y^2=-\dfrac1{2\lambda}$

$L_z=2z+4\lambda z^3=2z(1+2\lambda z^2)=0\implies z=0\text{ or }z^2=-\dfrac1{2\lambda}$

$L_\lambda=x^4+y^4+z^4-13=0$

We can't have x=y=z=0 , since that contradicts the last condition.

(0 critical points)

If two of them are zero, then the remaining variable has two possible values of $\pm\sqrt[4]{13}$ . For example, if y=z=0 , then $x^4=13\implies x=\pm\sqrt[4]{13}$ .

(6 critical points; 2 for each non-zero variable)

If only one of them is zero, then the squares of the remaining variables are equal and we would find $\lambda=-\frac1{\sqrt{26}}$ (taking the negative root because x^2,y^2,z^2 must be non-negative), and we can immediately find the critical points from there. For example, if z=0 , then x^4+y^4=13 . If both x,y are non-zero, then $x^2=y^2=-\frac1{2\lambda}$ , and

$xL_x+yL_y=2(x^2+y^2)+52\lambda=-\dfrac2\lambda+52\lambda=0\implies\lambda=\pm\dfrac1{\sqrt{26}}$

$\implies x^2=\sqrt{\dfrac{13}2}\implies x=\pm\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}$

and for either choice of , we can independently choose from $y=\pm\sqrt[4]{\frac{13}2}$ .

(12 critical points; 3 ways of picking one variable to be zero, and 4 choices of sign for the remaining two variables)

If none of the variables are zero, then $x^2=y^2=z^2=-\frac1{2\lambda}$ . We have

$xL_x+yL_y+zL_z=2(x^2+y^2+z^2)+52\lambda=-\dfrac3\lambda+52\lambda=0\implies\lambda=\pm\dfrac{\sqrt{39}}{26}$

$\implies x^2=\sqrt{\dfrac{13}3}\implies x=\pm\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}$

and similary y,z have the same solutions whose signs can be picked independently of one another.

(8 critical points)

Now evaluate at each critical point; you should end up with a maximum value of $\sqrt{39}$ and a minimum value of $\sqrt{13}$ (both occurring at various critical points).

Here's a comprehensive list of all the critical points we found:

$(\sqrt[4]{13},0,0)$

$(-\sqrt[4]{13},0,0)$

$(0,\sqrt[4]{13},0)$

$(0,-\sqrt[4]{13},0)$

$(0,0,\sqrt[4]{13})$

$(0,0,-\sqrt[4]{13})$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0\right)$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0\right)$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0,\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0,-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0,\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},0,-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(0,\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(0,\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(0,-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(0,-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}2}\right)$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

$\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

$\left(-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3},-\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{13}3}\right)$

Answer from: Quest

Just divide the x axis (the top) by 2 or multiply the y axis (the bottom) by 2

Answer from: Quest

step-by-step explanation:

we can use this expression to calculate the energy gain as a particle moves with a field or the energy loss as it moves against it. (note that it is also used to define the electron-volt, a unit of energy equal to that gained by an electron as it falls through a pd of 1 v, i.e. w = 1 ev = 1.6 10-19 c 1 v = 1.6 10-19j).in fact this expression is really nothing more than the statement that potential is the potential energy per unit charge. in this case, v= w/qis simply stating that the change in potential energy(or work done) per unit charge is equal to the change in potential (or potential difference), v.student questions: uniform electric fields2electron beamcathode+5 kvanode0 v