Every valid argument with true premises has a true conclusion. rewrite the above statement in the form v[x] x, if [y] then [z] (where each of the second and third blanks are sentences involving the variable x):

Let y(x)="x is valid and x has true premises" and z(x)="x has a true conclusion".

Step-by-step explanation:

The universe U is the collection of all arguments so that x∈U. The statement uses the universal quantifier ∀ represented by the word "Every". The words "valid", "with true premises" and "has a true conclusions" are properties of an argument x.

We can interptet the statement as: "For all x, (x is valid and x has true premises)→(x has a true conclusion)". Symbolically, (∀x)(y(x)→z(x)). The implication → can be read as "if y(x) then z(x)".

40 minutes

step-by-step explanation:

add the time and multiply by 2

answer: ratio of volume of cone (with 3 times the height and equal diameter) to volume of cylinder is 2 to 1. the value of π is not used.

step-by-step explanation:

radius is diameter/2 = 4.

area of circle is π r^2.

volume of cylinder is height × area of base = hπr^2 = 3(4^2) π = 48π cubic inches.

not knowing the formula for volume of cone, i calculate it using calculus (which is for calculating things).

volume of cone is integral 0 to h area(y) dy. area(y) is π r(y)^2. r(y) runs r to zero as y runs zero to h, r(0) = r, r(h) = 0.

r(y) = r - r/h y

area(y) = π (r - r/h y)^2 = π (r^2 - 2r^2y/h + r^2y^2/h^2) = π r^2(1-2y/h+y^2/h^2)

antiderivative area(y) = π r^2 (y-y^2/h+y^3/(3h^2))

integral 0 to h = π r^2(h-h^2/h+h^3/(3h^2) - (0)) = π r^2(h - h + h/3) = π r^2(h/3) = π/3 r^2 h

volume of this cone is π/3(4^2)18 cubic inches.

= 6 16 π = 96π cubic inches.

cone has twice the volume, 96/48.

cone height is 6 times the cylinder.

ratio of volume formula: π r^2 cancels.

cone over cylinder ratio is 6h/3 to h, 2 to 1.