In 2011, the institute of medicine (iom), a non-profit group affiliated with the us national academy of sciences, reviewed a study measuring bone quality and levels of vitamin-d in a random sample from bodies of 675 people who died in good health. 8.5% of the 82 bodies with low vitamin-d levels (below 50 nmol/l) had weak bones. comparatively, 1% of the 593 bodies with regular vitamin-d levels had weak bones.

researchers plan to test a claim at the 5% level that bone strength will be lower in people with low vitamin-d levels (population 1) than in people with regular vitamin-d levels (population 2).

which of the following hypotheses is appropriate?

1)h0 : p1 - p2 = 0, ha : p1 - p2 < 0
2)h0 : p1 - p2 = 0, ha : p1 - p2 > 0
3)h0 : p1 - p2 = 0, ha : p1 - p2 ≠ 0