How do you know if an equation is linear or not?

Aword processing program requires a 7- digit registration code made up of the digits 1,2,4,5,6,7 and 9 each number has to be used and no number can be used mor than once how many codes are possible

The volume of a spherical hot air balloon v(r) = 4 3 ? r3 changes as its radius changes. the radius is a function of time given by r(t) = 3t. find the instantaneous rate of change of the volume with respect to t at t = 2.

There are 85 apples on the big tree, john picked out 15%. how many did john pick out?