After allowing 20% discount on the marked price with 13%
vat levied, an article is sold at rs. 18080. find the
marked price of the article.

The marked price of the article is 22,600

Explanation:

Given, selling price of an article SP = Rs. 18080

To calculate marked price MP, the formula used is  

Discount D = 20%

Substituting the given values

SP =

18080 =

MP = Rs. 22,600

Therefore the marked price of the article is 22,600

introduction, methodology, results, discussion

step-by-step explanation:

an observational study is one which consists of actual observation to record data and then analyse the data.

there are a number of factors that should be analyzed before starting an observational study.

the main four factors are:

i) introduction:   this should be analysed to check whether the purpose of the study is correctly established and the data recorded are appropriate for the study

methodology:   the method of collecting the data, such as whether randomly selected, and whether sample size matches with the population to be studied, whether questions asked are easy to answer by common men, etc.

results: then results such as summary of data with comments should be studied thoroughly

discussion:   the last is the discussion, this can be either by management people or persons who are all interested , etc.