A. in the computer game civilization, a character representing a world leader who advocates non-violence is uncharacteristically aggressive. in the first version of the game, this was an unintentional effect caused by a bug.

in the game, world leader characters are assigned an ‘aggression’ score and this is increased or decreased according to changes in circumstance. for example, if a leader adopts democracy, their aggression score is decreased by 2.

this particular world leader was given the lowest possible aggression of 1 by the game makers, to reflect that they thought the leader was unlikely to declare war on another character.

given that the aggression score is stored as an 8-bit unsigned integer representation, do the following:

i. write down the largest binary integer that can be represented in an 8-bit unsigned integer and by converting this to decimal, show that the largest possible aggression score is 255.

ii. name the problem that occurs if the initial aggression score is decreased by 2.

iii. explain, using the relevant binary numbers, why the initial aggression score becomes the maximum value of 255 when it is reduced by 2. the maximum word limit for question 1(a)(iii) is 40 words.