Use logical equivalences (not a truth table) to reduce p → (q − p) to a tautology t. in other words, you should transform p → (q − p) into an equivalent statement, then transform that into another equivalent statement, and so on, until you arrive at a tautology. your solution should look something like this: p → (q − p) = statement = statement = . . = t. (note: the symbol = is technically the same as h. it's just easier to use = , because can easily be confused as being part of the logical statement you're transforming).