Suppose that the handedness of the last fifteen u. s. presidents is as follows: 40% were left-handed (l) 47% were democrats (d) if a president is left-handed, there is a 13% chance that the president is a democrat. based on this information on the last fifteen u. s. presidents, is “being left-handed” independent of “being a democrat”? no, since 0.40 is not equal to 0.13. yes, since 0.40 * 0.47 is not equal to 0.13. yes, since 0.47 is not equal to 0.13. no, since 0.47 is not equal to 0.13.