What is the vertex of g(x)=(x-4)^2-5

Ricky takes out a $31,800 student loan to pay his expenses while he is in college. after graduation, he will begin making payments of $190.66 per month for the next 30 years to pay off the loan. how much more will ricky end up paying for the loan than the original value of $31,800? ricky will end up paying $ more than he borrowed to pay off the loan.

Me with this assignment ! i only partially understand, so explain. also it's a work sample. at the championship bike race, steve and paula were fighting for first place. steve was 175 feet ahead of paula and had only 300 feet left to go. he was very tired and was going only 9 feet per second. paula was desperate to catch up and was going 15 feet per second. who won the bike race and by how far did she/he win?

The salesperson earns a 5% commission on the first $5,000 she has in sales. the salesperson earns a 7.5% commission on the amount of her sales that are greater than $5,000. this month the sales person had $8,000 in sales. what amount of commission, in dollars, did she earn?