The probability of contamination in batch 1 of a drug (event a) is 0.16, and the probability of contamination in batch 2 of the drug (event b) is 0.09. the probability of contamination in batch 2, given that there was a contamination in batch 1, is 0.12. given this information, which statement is true? a. events a and b are independent because p(b|a) = p(a). b. events a and b are independent because p(a|b) ≠ p(a). c. events a and b are not independent because p(b|a) ≠ p(b). d. events a and b are not independent because p(a|b) = p(a).

Right option is C. Events A and B are not independent because P(B|A) ≠ P(B).

Step-by-step explanation:

We have given,

Probability of contamination in batch 1 of a drug (event A) ,P(A) =  0.16

Probability of contamination in batch 2 of the drug (event B), P(B) = 0.09

Also,

Probability of contamination in batch 2, given that there was a contamination in batch 1, P(B/A) = 0.12

Since P(B/A) ≠ P(B), Therefore events A and B are not independent events.

Right option is C. Events A and B are not independent because P(B|A) ≠ P(B).

step-by-step explanation:

30% of $420 is 0.30($420) = $126 and $420 + $126 = $546.

or, 130% of $420 is 1.3($420) = $546.

notice that this is not the $600 original list price with which we started.

why doesn't this work?

the method does not work because 30% of $420 is not the same amount as the 30% of $600. it may seem obvious when stated this way, but it is a very common error made on problems of this type. we cannot just use the same percent and get back to the original amount because we are taking that percent of a different value.

to work problems of this type correctly, it is generally best to write an equation for the situation and then solve.

example: since (100% – 30%)(original price) = (sale price)

70% of the   (original price) is $420.

0.7x   = 420

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x = 600

the original cost was $600.

we may also solve this problem using the two-step method. working the problem in two steps requires us to use more algebra skills. we have to know that x = 1x (identity property of multiplicationtext annotation indicator) and that 1x – 0.3x = 0.7x (subtracting like terms). then we solve the problem as follows:

(original price) – 30%(original price) = sale price

x – 0.3x = 420

0.7x = $420

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x = 600

the original cost was $600.  

note that with both of the above methods we do obtain the correct original amount.

example: after a 5% pay raise, hermione is earning $22,680 per year. what was she earning before the pay raise?

105% of (original salary) = current salary

1.05x = 22,680

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x = 21,600

hermione earned $21,600 per year before the pay raise.

this is an example so maybe you will get how to at least do it!