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reservation a legal way of making a provision less enforceable than it might be otherwise limited government a basic principle of our constitutional system. It limits government to powers provided to it by the people. separation of powers the division of power among the branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) statutes written laws enacted by legislatures criminal law the branch of law dealing with crimes and their punishmentfelony a serious criminal offense punishable by a prison sentence of more than one year misdemeanor a criminal offense, less serious than a felony, punishable by a prison sentence of one year or less civil law all law that does not Involve criminal matters, such as tort and contract law. Civil law usually deals with private rights of individuals, groups, or businesses. civil action a noncriminal lawsuit, brought to enforce a right or redress a wrong defendant the person against whom a claim is made. In a civil suit, the defendant is the person being sued: in a criminal case, the defendant Is the person charged with committing a crime. plaintiff in a civil case, the injured party who brings the legal action against the alleged wrongdoer checks and balances the power of each of the three branches of government (legislative, judicial, executive) to limit the other branches' power, so as to prevent an abuse veto prohibit; in government, the veto is the power of the chief executive to prevent enactment of a bill (i.e., to prevent the bill from becoming a law) judicial review the process by which courts decide whether the laws passed by Congress or state legislatures are constitutional unconstitutional conflicting with some provision of the Constitution federalism the division of powers between the states and the federal government Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee basic individual rights to all persons in the United States prosecutor the state or federal government's attorney in a criminal care beyond a reasonable doubt the level of proof required to convict a person of a crime. It does not mean "convinced 100 percent," but does mean there are no reasonable doubts as to guilt. preponderance of the evidence usually the standard of proof used in a civil suit; the burden of proof that a party must meet in order to win the lawsuit. To win, a party must provide evidence that is more convincing than the other side's evidence.