Between testimonial and non-testimonial statements which are admissible and inadmissible in a criminal court proceeding and why?

Yvonne finds a carpenter to do some repairs for her house and tells him that if he finishes the job by saturday she will pay him 1000. yvonne offer creates an blank contract

Cases that arent resloved through plea bargaining or by a jury trial are decided by a judge in a /an? a. indictment b. grand jury c. arraignment d. bench trial

In which system of gonvernment would states function independently of each other?