List and describe the four categories of defenses against criminal charges

In criminal cases, there are usually four primary defenses used: innocence, self-defense, insanity, and constitutional violations. Each of these has their uses, and not all cases can use these defense strategies.

Explanation:

innocence: One of the most sacred principles in the American criminal justice system, holding that a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. In other words, the prosecution must prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, each essential element of the crime charged.

self-defense: Self-defense is a defense based on justification that allows a defendant to use physical force to protect himself or herself from injury or death. ... The duty to retreat doctrine is a common-law rule requiring a defendant to retreat if it is safe to do so, instead of using deadly force in self-defense.

Insanity: Generally speaking, criminal insanity is understood as a mental defect or disease that makes it impossible for a defendant to understand their actions, or to understand that their actions are wrong. A defendant found to be criminally insane can assert an insanity defense.

Constitutional Criminal: defendants, just like any other person, have their rights. These rights begin the very moment a person is arrested for criminal charges to the time they appear in court for the hearing. It is during these stages that police officers make mistakes and violate your constitutional rights.

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