Separate layers of government where power is divided is also known as?(the United States is an example).

Depends on what you’re referring to in “layers of government”

This could either be referring to “separation of powers” which involves the different powers given to local, state and federal government

Or

It could be referring to “checks and balances” which refers to the different branches(executive, legislative, and judicial) and the different powers given to each branch of government