Which developmental stage of criminology viewed crimes as sins?

The first phase of criminology which was developed in the 18th century is when scholars differentiated between sin and crime. They provided some information which explained criminal actions which lacked theological basis. This led to the beginning criminology to study why crimes occur.  

Crime in the prehistoric times was identified with sin with the perpetrator suspected to be possessed by the demon. This usually led to harsh physical punishment. The modern era criminology scrutinizes all areas and behavior with the intent to understand crime. This examines what could be done to prevent the crime, the cause, the behavior, and other related aspects.  

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