When a single company controls the production of a product either through vertical or horizontal integration.

When a single company controls the production of a product either through vertical or horizontal integration it is called a monopoly. A monopoly is a company or person achieves a monopoly by gaining total control of a type of industry. A monopoly is when the entire control of an industry type is by just one company/person. It can be attained either through vertical or horizontal integration.

the answer is a) james madison.