Spain organized a coalition and defeated Napoleon.
Explanation:
The Peninsular War or the Spanish War of Independence was a warlike conflict developed between 1808 and 1814 within the context of the Napoleonic wars, which pitted the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the First French Empire, whose claim was to to install on the Spanish throne Napoleon's brother, José Bonaparte, after the abdications of Bayonne.
The war was developed in several phases in which both sides took the initiative successively, and was highlighted by the emergence of the guerrilla phenomenon, which, together with regular allied armies led by the Duke of Wellington, caused the progressive wear of the Bonapartist forces . The civilian population, which suffered the effects of a total war, in which both French and allies were primed with the population and civilian objectives, plundering and plundering on a large scale and devastating, for example, the Spanish industry, considered a threat to their respective interests The first successes of the Spanish forces in the spring and summer of 1808, with the Battle of Bruch, the resistance of Zaragoza and Valencia and, in particular, the resounding victory of Bailén, led to the evacuation of Portugal and withdrawal French north of the Ebro, followed in the autumn of 1808 by the entrance of the Grande Armée, led by Napoleon himself, which culminated the maximum French deployment until mid-1812. The withdrawal of troops for the campaign of Russia was exploited by the allies to retake the initiative after his victory in the Arapiles (July 22, 1812) and, countering the French offensive, advance throughout 1813 until the os Pyrenees, defeating the French in the battles of Vitoria (June 21) and San Marcial (August 31). The Treaty of Valençay of December 11, 1813 restored Fernando VII and left Spain free of the foreign presence, but did not prevent the invasion of French territory, the Battle of Toulouse (April 10, 1814) being the last confrontation of the war.
