In the early 1900s, the chicago defender was
a. an african american newspaper.
b. a novel by langston hughes.
c. an african american song.
d. an african american novelist.

The correct answer is letter A. The Chicago Defender refers to an African American newspaper that was founded by Robert S. Abbot in 1905. It was a weekly newspaper that was based in Chicago that had a section called “The Defender” in what was known as the colored or negro press. This newspaper campaigned against Jim Crow’s era of violence, where a Great Migration came about because Abbot was encouraging the blacks to leave the American South and head north.